开普勒和苔丝任务产生了超过100,000个潜在的传输信号，必须处理，以便创建行星候选的目录。在过去几年中，使用机器学习越来越感兴趣，以分析这些数据以寻找新的外延网。与现有的机器学习作品不同，exoMiner，建议的深度学习分类器在这项工作中，模仿域专家如何检查诊断测试以VET传输信号。 exoMiner是一种高度准确，可说明的和强大的分类器，其中1）允许我们验证来自桅杆开口存档的301个新的外延网，而2）是足够的，足以应用于诸如正在进行的苔丝任务的任务中应用。我们进行了广泛的实验研究，以验证exoMiner在不同分类和排名指标方面比现有的传输信号分类器更可靠，准确。例如，对于固定精度值为99％，exoMiner检索测试集中的93.6％的所有外产网（即，召回= 0.936），而最佳现有分类器的速率为76.3％。此外，exoMiner的模块化设计有利于其解释性。我们介绍了一个简单的解释性框架，提供了具有反馈的专家，为什么exoMiner将运输信号分类为特定类标签（例如，行星候选人或不是行星候选人）。

用于卫星图像分析的计算机视觉算法的创新可以使我们能够在行星层面探索全球挑战，例如城市化和土地利用变化。但是，当试图复制将这些分析推向新领域的模型时，尤其是在发展中国家的模型时，域转移问题是一个普遍的情况。如果模型是通过一个位置的图像和标签训练的，则通常不会很好地概括到图像和数据分布不同的新位置。在这项工作中，我们考虑了我们有一个大型卫星图像场景的设置，我们希望在该场景上解决一个应用问题 - 构建足迹细分。在这里，我们不一定需要担心创建一个概括过我们场景边界的模型，而是可以训练本地模型。我们表明，使用非常高分辨率（0.5m/px）卫星图像解决建筑细分问题需要的标签很少。我们只有527个稀疏多边形注释（相当于1500 x 1500名被标记的像素）训练的最佳型号，召回了0.87的持有足迹，R2的r2为0.93视窗。我们将模型应用于约旦安曼（Amman）的高分辨率图像中，在一项有关城市变化检测的案例研究中。

国际危机如何展开？我们将国际关系概念化为对手之间的战略国际象棋游戏，并开发了一种系统的方法，以准确且一致的历史准确，一致地测量碎片，移动和gam。我们基于国际危机行为（ICB）项目的非常高质量的叙事语料库，介绍了一个名为ICBE的国际事件的新本体和数据集。我们证明，ICBE的覆盖范围，召回和精度比现有数据集的现有状态更高，并进行了两项关于古巴导弹危机（1962）和Crimea-Donbas危机（2014）的详细案例研究。我们进一步介绍了两个新的事件可视化（事件Icongraphy和危机地图），这是一种使用自然语言处理（Sythnetic叙述）测量事件召回的自动基准，以及用于客观测量事件精确度的本体论重建任务。我们在伴侣网站www.crisisevents.org和github存储库中提供数据，在线附录，复制材料以及可视化的可视化材料和可视化。

超越地球轨道的人类空间勘探将涉及大量距离和持续时间的任务。为了有效减轻无数空间健康危害，数据和空间健康系统的范式转移是实现地球独立性的，而不是Earth-Reliance所必需的。有希望在生物学和健康的人工智能和机器学习领域的发展可以解决这些需求。我们提出了一个适当的自主和智能精密空间健康系统，可以监控，汇总和评估生物医学状态;分析和预测个性化不良健康结果;适应并响应新累积的数据;并提供对其船员医务人员的个人深度空间机组人员和迭代决策支持的预防性，可操作和及时的见解。在这里，我们介绍了美国国家航空航天局组织的研讨会的建议摘要，以便在太空生物学和健康中未来的人工智能应用。在未来十年，生物监测技术，生物标志科学，航天器硬件，智能软件和简化的数据管理必须成熟，并编织成精确的空间健康系统，以使人类在深空中茁壮成长。

空间生物学研究旨在了解太空飞行对生物的根本影响，制定支持深度空间探索的基础知识，最终生物工程航天器和栖息地稳定植物，农作物，微生物，动物和人类的生态系统，为持续的多行星寿命稳定。要提高这些目标，该领域利用了来自星空和地下模拟研究的实验，平台，数据和模型生物。由于研究扩展到低地球轨道之外，实验和平台必须是最大自主，光，敏捷和智能化，以加快知识发现。在这里，我们介绍了由美国国家航空航天局的人工智能，机器学习和建模应用程序组织的研讨会的建议摘要，这些应用程序为这些空间生物学挑战提供了关键解决方案。在未来十年中，将人工智能融入太空生物学领域将深化天空效应的生物学理解，促进预测性建模和分析，支持最大自主和可重复的实验，并有效地管理星载数据和元数据，所有目标使生活能够在深空中茁壮成长。

超过30亿人缺乏护理皮肤病。AI诊断工具可能有助于早期皮肤癌检测;然而，大多数模型尚未在不同肤色或罕见疾病的图像上进行评估。为了解决这个问题，我们策划了多样化的皮肤科（DDI）DataSet - 这是一种具有不同皮肤色调的第一个公开的，病理证实的图像。我们展示了最先进的皮肤科AI模型在DDI上表现得很糟糕，ROC-AUC与模型的原始结果相比下降29-40％。我们发现暗肤色和罕见的疾病，在DDI数据集中提供良好，导致性能下降。此外，我们表明，无需多样化培训数据，我们表明最先进的强大培训方法无法纠正这些偏差。我们的研究结果确定了需要解决的皮肤病学AI中的重要弱点和偏见，以确保可靠应用于各种患者和所有疾病。

One of the core problems of modern statistics is to approximate difficult-to-compute probability densities. This problem is especially important in Bayesian statistics, which frames all inference about unknown quantities as a calculation involving the posterior density. In this paper, we review variational inference (VI), a method from machine learning that approximates probability densities through optimization. VI has been used in many applications and tends to be faster than classical methods, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The idea behind VI is to first posit a family of densities and then to find the member of that family which is close to the target. Closeness is measured by Kullback-Leibler divergence. We review the ideas behind mean-field variational inference, discuss the special case of VI applied to exponential family models, present a full example with a Bayesian mixture of Gaussians, and derive a variant that uses stochastic optimization to scale up to massive data. We discuss modern research in VI and highlight important open problems. VI is powerful, but it is not yet well understood. Our hope in writing this paper is to catalyze statistical research on this class of algorithms.

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

We present the interpretable meta neural ordinary differential equation (iMODE) method to rapidly learn generalizable (i.e., not parameter-specific) dynamics from trajectories of multiple dynamical systems that vary in their physical parameters. The iMODE method learns meta-knowledge, the functional variations of the force field of dynamical system instances without knowing the physical parameters, by adopting a bi-level optimization framework: an outer level capturing the common force field form among studied dynamical system instances and an inner level adapting to individual system instances. A priori physical knowledge can be conveniently embedded in the neural network architecture as inductive bias, such as conservative force field and Euclidean symmetry. With the learned meta-knowledge, iMODE can model an unseen system within seconds, and inversely reveal knowledge on the physical parameters of a system, or as a Neural Gauge to "measure" the physical parameters of an unseen system with observed trajectories. We test the validity of the iMODE method on bistable, double pendulum, Van der Pol, Slinky, and reaction-diffusion systems.

This paper expounds the design and control of a new Variable Stiffness Series Elastic Actuator (VSSEA). It is established by employing a modular mechanical design approach that allows us to effectively optimise the stiffness modulation characteristics and power density of the actuator. The proposed VSSEA possesses the following features: i) no limitation in the work-range of output link, ii) a wide range of stiffness modulation (~20Nm/rad to ~1KNm/rad), iii) low-energy-cost stiffness modulation at equilibrium and non-equilibrium positions, iv) compact design and high torque density (~36Nm/kg), and v) high-speed stiffness modulation (~3000Nm/rad/s). Such features can help boost the safety and performance of many advanced robotic systems, e.g., a cobot that physically interacts with unstructured environments and an exoskeleton that provides physical assistance to human users. These features can also enable us to utilise variable stiffness property to attain various regulation and trajectory tracking control tasks only by employing conventional controllers, eliminating the need for synthesising complex motion control systems in compliant actuation. To this end, it is experimentally demonstrated that the proposed VSSEA is capable of precisely tracking desired position and force control references through the use of conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers.